SPEECH & AUDIO

NLP

PLUE: Language Understanding Evaluation Benchmark for Privacy Policies in English

June 13, 2023

Abstract

Privacy policies provide individuals with information about their rights and how their personal information is handled. Natural language understanding (NLU) technologies can support individuals and practitioners to understand better privacy practices described in lengthy and complex documents. However, existing efforts that use NLU technologies are limited by processing the language in a way exclusive to a single task focusing on certain privacy practices. To this end, we introduce the Privacy Policy Language Understanding Evaluation (PLUE) benchmark, a multi-task benchmark for evaluating the privacy policy language understanding across various tasks. We also collect a large corpus of privacy policies to enable privacy policy domain-specific language model pre-training. We evaluate several generic pre-trained language models and continue pre-training them on the collected corpus. We demonstrate that domain-specific continual pre-training offers performance improvements across all tasks.

Download the Paper

AUTHORS

Written by

Wasi Uddin Ahmad

Yuan Tian

Kai-Wei Chang

Jianfeng Chi

Publisher

ACL

Related Publications

May 12, 2026

HUMAN & MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

RESEARCH

NeuralSet: A High-Performing Python Package for Neuro-AI

Corentin Bel, Linnea Evanson, Julien Gadonneix, Andrea Santos Revilla, Mingfang (Lucy) Zhang, Julie Bonnaire, Charlotte Caucheteux, Alexandre Défossez, Théo Desbordes, Pablo Diego-Simón, Shubh Khanna, Juliette Millet, Pierre Orhan, Saarang Panchavati, Antoine Ratouchniak, Alexis Thual, Hubert Jacob Banville, Jarod Levy, Jean Remi King, Josephine Raugel, Jérémy Rapin, Katelyn Begany, Marlene Careil, Simon Dahan, Sophia Houhamdi, Stéphane d'Ascoli, Teon Brooks, Yohann Benchetrit

May 12, 2026

May 04, 2026

NLP

Compute Optimal Tokenization

Sachin Mehta, Alisa Liu, Margaret Li, Artidoro Pagnoni, Gargi Ghosh, Luke Zettlemoyer, Mike Lewis, Srini Iyer, Tomasz Limisiewicz

May 04, 2026

March 24, 2026

NLP

OPEN SOURCE

HyperAgents

Jenny Zhang, Bingchen Zhao, Jakob Foerster, Sam Devlin, Tatiana Shavrina, Winnie Yang

March 24, 2026

March 17, 2026

RESEARCH

NLP

Omnilingual MT: Machine Translation for 1,600 Languages

Omnilingual MT Team, Niyati Bafna, Ioannis Tsiamas, Mark Duppenthaler, Albert Ventayol-Boada, Alexandre Mourachko, Andrea Caciolai, Arina Turkatenko, Artyom Kozhevnikov, Belen Alastruey, Charles-Eric Saint-James, Chierh CHENG, Christophe Ropers, Cynthia Gao, David Dale, Edan Toledo, Eduardo Sánchez, Gabriel Mejia Gonzalez, Holger Schwenk, Jean Maillard, Joe Chuang, João Maria Janeiro, Kevin Heffernan, Marta R. Costa-jussa, Mary Williamson, Nate Ekberg, Paul-Ambroise Duquenne, Pere Lluís Huguet Cabot, Rashel Moritz, Shireen Yates, Surya Parimi

March 17, 2026

Help Us Pioneer The Future of AI

We share our open source frameworks, tools, libraries, and models for everything from research exploration to large-scale production deployment.