INTEGRITY

NLP

Hate Speech in Pixels: Detection of Offensive Memes towards Automatic Moderation

May 14, 2021

Abstract

This work addresses the challenge of hate speech detection in Internet memes, and attempts using visual information to automatically detect hate speech, unlike any previous work of our knowledge. Memes are pixel-based multimedia documents that contain photos or illustrations together with phrases which, when combined, usually adopt a funny meaning. However, hate memes are also used to spread hate through social networks, so their automatic detection would help reduce their harmful societal impact. Our results indicate that the model can learn to detect some of the memes, but that the task is far from being solved with this simple architecture. While previous work focuses on linguistic hate speech, our experiments indicate how the visual modality can be much more informative for hate speech detection than the linguistic one in memes. In our experiments, we built a dataset of 5,020 memes to train and evaluate a multi-layer perceptron over the visual and language representations, whether independently or fused.

Download the Paper

AUTHORS

Written by

Benet Oriol

Cristian Canton Ferrer

Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

Publisher

NeurIPS

Related Publications

May 04, 2026

NLP

Compute Optimal Tokenization

Tomasz Limisiewicz, Artidoro Pagnoni, Srini Iyer, Mike Lewis, Sachin Mehta, Alisa Liu, Margaret Li, Gargi Ghosh, Luke Zettlemoyer

May 04, 2026

March 24, 2026

NLP

OPEN SOURCE

HyperAgents

Jenny Zhang, Bingchen Zhao, Winnie Yang, Jakob Foerster, Sam Devlin, Tatiana Shavrina

March 24, 2026

March 17, 2026

RESEARCH

NLP

Omnilingual MT: Machine Translation for 1,600 Languages

Omnilingual MT Team, Belen Alastruey, Niyati Bafna, Andrea Caciolai, Kevin Heffernan, Artyom Kozhevnikov, Christophe Ropers, Eduardo Sánchez, Charles-Eric Saint-James, Ioannis Tsiamas, Chierh CHENG, Joe Chuang, Paul-Ambroise Duquenne, Mark Duppenthaler, Nate Ekberg, Cynthia Gao, Pere Lluís Huguet Cabot, João Maria Janeiro, Jean Maillard, Gabriel Mejia Gonzalez, Holger Schwenk, Edan Toledo, Arina Turkatenko, Albert Ventayol-Boada, Rashel Moritz, Alexandre Mourachko, Surya Parimi, Mary Williamson, Shireen Yates, David Dale, Marta R. Costa-jussa

March 17, 2026

March 17, 2026

RESEARCH

SPEECH & AUDIO

Omnilingual SONAR: Cross-Lingual and Cross-Modal Sentence Embeddings Bridging Massively Multilingual Text and Speech

Omnilingual SONAR Team, João Maria Janeiro, Pere Lluís Huguet Cabot, Ioannis Tsiamas, Yen Meng, Vivek Iyer, Guillem Ramirez, Loic Barrault, Belen Alastruey, Yu-An Chung, Marta R. Costa-jussa, David Dale, Kevin Heffernan, Jaehyeong Jo, Artyom Kozhevnikov, Alexandre Mourachko, Christophe Ropers, Holger Schwenk, Paul-Ambroise Duquenne

March 17, 2026

Help Us Pioneer The Future of AI

We share our open source frameworks, tools, libraries, and models for everything from research exploration to large-scale production deployment.