NLP

CORE MACHINE LEARNING

DOBF: A Deobfuscation Pre-Training Objective for Programming Languages

November 08, 2021

Abstract

Recent advances in self-supervised learning have dramatically improved the state of the art on a wide variety of tasks. However, research in language model pre-training has mostly focused on natural languages, and it is unclear whether models like BERT and its variants provide the best pre-training when applied to other modalities, such as source code. In this paper, we introduce a new pre-training objective, DOBF, that leverages the structural aspect of programming languages and pre-trains a model to recover the original version of obfuscated source code. We show that models pre-trained with DOBF significantly outperform existing approaches on multiple downstream tasks, providing relative improvements of up to 12.2% in unsupervised code translation, and 5.3% in natural language code search. Incidentally, we found that our pre-trained model is able to deobfuscate fully obfuscated source files, and to suggest descriptive variable names.

Download the Paper

AUTHORS

Written by

Baptiste Rozière

Guillaume Lample

Marc Szafraniec

Marie-Anne Lachaux

Publisher

Neurips

Research Topics

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Core Machine Learning

Related Publications

May 20, 2026

HUMAN & MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

RESEARCH

EgoBabyVLM: Benchmarking Cross-Modal Learning from Naturalistic Egocentric Video Data

Alvin W. M. Tan, Nicolas Hamilakis, Manel Khentout, Sho Tsuji, Balázs Kégl, Michael C. Frank, Angel Villar Corrales, Charles-Eric Saint-James, Dongyan Lin, Emmanuel Dupoux, Jiayi Shen, Juan Pino, Mahi Luthra, Martin Gleize, Phillip Rust, Rashel Moritz, Sheila Krogh-Jespersen, Surya Parimi, Tom Fizycki, Vanessa Stark, Yosuke Higuchi, Youssef Benchekroun

May 20, 2026

May 18, 2026

CONVERSATIONAL AI

RESEARCH

GIM: Evaluating models via tasks that integrate multiple cognitive domains

Alexandre Rezende, Rohit Patel, Steven McClain

May 18, 2026

May 12, 2026

HUMAN & MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

RESEARCH

NeuralSet: A High-Performing Python Package for Neuro-AI

Corentin Bel, Linnea Evanson, Julien Gadonneix, Andrea Santos Revilla, Mingfang (Lucy) Zhang, Julie Bonnaire, Charlotte Caucheteux, Alexandre Défossez, Théo Desbordes, Pablo Diego-Simón, Shubh Khanna, Juliette Millet, Pierre Orhan, Saarang Panchavati, Antoine Ratouchniak, Alexis Thual, Hubert Jacob Banville, Jarod Levy, Jean Remi King, Josephine Raugel, Jérémy Rapin, Katelyn Begany, Marlene Careil, Simon Dahan, Sophia Houhamdi, Stéphane d'Ascoli, Teon Brooks, Yohann Benchetrit

May 12, 2026

May 04, 2026

NLP

Compute Optimal Tokenization

Sachin Mehta, Alisa Liu, Margaret Li, Artidoro Pagnoni, Gargi Ghosh, Luke Zettlemoyer, Mike Lewis, Srini Iyer, Tomasz Limisiewicz

May 04, 2026

Help Us Pioneer The Future of AI

We share our open source frameworks, tools, libraries, and models for everything from research exploration to large-scale production deployment.